Аллоброги

АЛЛОБРОГИ — большое кельтское племя, жившее между Роной и Изером Впервые упоминается в кон­це 3 в. до н. э. В 121 до н. э. А. подчинились Риму и при Цезаре вошли в состав Нарбоннской провинции. После смерти Цезаря А. восстали и уничтожили ос­нованную во Вьенне римскую колонию.

Аллобро́ги (лат. Allobroges), большой кельтский народ в Нарбонской Галлии, живший между Роной и Изерой, в северной части Дофине и Савойи до Женевского озера.

Около 123 до н. э. они тщетно пытались защитить Галлию от римлян, которые около 125 до н. э. начали делать первые значительные завоевания на юго-востоке этой страны; в 121 до н. э.они были подчинены римскому владычеству Квинтом Фабием Максимом (который получил за это прозвище «Allobrogicus»), но окончательно вошли в состав Нарбонской провинции лишь при Юлии Цезаре.

Главным городом А. была Виенна, пограничным же с гельветами — Женева. Из остальных их городов следует упомянуть ещё Куларо, переименованный около 379 вГратианополис, нынешний Гренобль.

The Allobroges (Ancient Greek: Άλλόβριγες, Άλλόβρυγες, Άλλόβρoγες) were a Celtic tribe of ancient Gaul, located between theRhône River and the Lake of Geneva in what later became Savoy, Dauphiné, and Vivarais. Their cities were in the areas of modern-dayAnnecy, Chambéry and Grenoble, the modern departement of Isère, and modern Switzerland. Their capital was today's Vienne. 

The location of the Allobroges is deduced from mention of them in ancient writings.  Caesar says that the Segusiavi were the "first tribe outside the province" (Gallia Transalpina) on "the far side of the Rhône" and that he marched from the Allobroges to the Segusiavi; that is, the former occupied the east bank of the Rhône and were in the Roman province. On the north, the Rhône divided the Helvetiifrom the Allobroges; i.e., the latter were on the south bank of the river and Lake Geneva from which it flows. Geneva was Allobrogian. Caesar says the Allobroges were "recently subdued."  

The first recorded reference to the Allobroges is from the Greek historian Polybius in 150-130 BC. He tells how they unsuccessfully resisted Hannibal when he crossed the Alps in 218 BC.

In 123 BC, the Allobroges gave shelter to king Tutomotulus (or Teutomalius), of the Salluvii tribe Rome had conquered and refused to hand him over. Rome declared war and moved against them. On August 8, 121 BC legions of Quintus Fabius Maximus defeated them and forced them to submit; Maximus earned a moniker Allobrogicus for this feat.

The Allobroges additionally played a rather important part in deciding to foil the second Catiline Conspiracy of 63 BC, an attempt to foment civil war throughout Italy and simultaneously burn down Rome. It was a plot by ostracized high political Roman elites and allied plebeian military connected to their cause. The conspirators made the mistake of attempting to recruit the Allobroges via their ambassadors delegation, that happened to be in Rome during the planning of the conspiracy. Since the Allobrogian delegation was in Rome seeking relief from the oppression of their Roman governor, one of the Catiline conspirators, Lentulus Sura instructed Publius Umbrenus, a businessman with dealings in Gaul, to offer to free them of their miseries to throw off the heavy yoke of their governor—if they would join the Catiline conspiracy against Rome. The conspiracy was revealed to the Allobroges, however their diplomatic envoys informed the current consul Cicero. Cicero instructed the Allobroges envoys to get tangible proof of the conspiracy. Thinking they were gaining allies, five of the leading conspirators wrote letters to the Allobroges so that the envoys could show their people that there was hope in a real conspiracy. However, these letters were intercepted instead in transit to Gaul. Then, Cicero had the incriminating letters read before the Senate the following day, in the first of his Catiline Orations. With the plot spoiled, its intricate planning was unable to work properly, and its ringleaders were rounded up rather quickly or sacrificed themselves mostly in unprepared pitched battles that occurred around Rome.

However, they rebelled on their own shortly thereafter. In 61 BC chief Catugnatus revolted but Gaius Pomptinus defeated them at Solonium.

Next, loyal once more, Allobrogian warriors joined Julius Caesar during his conquest of Gaul.

A generation later, Emperor Augustus placed Allobroges in the region of Gallia Narbonensis and later Gallia Viennensis. Under the Roman Empire, Vienne grew and in 100 AD Tacitus described it as "historic and imposing". Archaeological excavations have revealed extensive warehouses. They collected toll from traffic passing up Via Agrippa and various other Roman roads. 

From the "Palace of Mirrors" baths at Saint-Romain-en-Gal, across the river from modern Vienne, but part of ancient Vienne, comes a statue of the town's tutelary goddess. North-east of Vienne and north of Cularo (modern Grenoble), is a major healing sanctuary at the modern town of Aix-les-Bains. This was dedicated to a southern Gaulish healing god Borvo, and not to Apollo as might have been expected of such a Romanised people.